With the real estate
It is a concept used in a Civil Act of the private international law and continental law system, and there can be the thing that I include land and the fixture or real right for them widely when I say roughly.
不動産とは
国際私法や大陸法系の民事法で用いられる概念であり、大まかにいうと土地とその定着物、あるいはそれらに対する物権を広く含むこともある。
Real estate to establish in civil law
I say land and the fixture (86 lines of civil law Clause 1s). A thing except the real estate is movable property entirely (the whom how about); (article Clause 2).
I obey the regulation that is different from the movable property the movement is not easy and because the real estate is expensive as property (civil law such as 177 lines).
The building on the land is treated as the real estate which is different from land in the Japanese civil law (370 lines of civil law). On this account I am natural, and the buyer cannot acquire the proprietary rights of the building which there is on land even if I obtain land by transfer by a sales contract, and I am natural, and the mortgagee does not acquire mortgage for the building even if I set mortgage on the land. The civil law adopts the way of thinking of the principle of the public announcement to real estate and does proprietary rights for the third person even if I acquire proprietary rights if there is not the registration unless I can be opposed (177 lines of civil law).
It is intercepted in a roof and a wall so that to be the registration method is a building, and that it is firmly established in attendant しうること, the land is demanded from a use as the building. Therefore, in the building under construction, legal handling changes at the stage that a roof and an obstacle were settled for from the building material which is movable property to the building where it is real estate. But the mobile building (a kind of the camping trailer) to pull by cars is included in movable property not real estate. I refer to the trailer about this handling.
Sliding paper-door and shoji, tatami mat and Tachiki of non-registration are movable property, and the building is different property. However, I receive effects such as the move of building proprietary rights, the setting of the mortgage for the building as far as there is not a special contract to assume that I treat these movable property as an accessory attached to the real estate separately from a building.
民法で定める不動産
土地及びその定着物をいう(民法86条1項)。不動産以外の物は、全て動産(どうさん)である(同条2項)。
不動産は、その移動が容易でなく、かつ、財産として高価であるため、動産とは別個の規制に服する(民法177条など)。
日本の民法においては土地上の建物は土地と別個の不動産として扱われる(民法370条)。このため、土地を売買契約によって譲り受けても、買主は土地の上にある建物の所有権を当然には取得できないし、土地に抵当権を設定しても抵当権者は建物に対する抵当権を当然には取得しない。民法は不動産に公示の原則の考え方を採っており、所有権を取得しても登記が無ければ第三者に対し、所有権を対抗できないとしている(民法177条)。
登記法では、建物であるためには、屋根や壁で遮断されていて、建物としての用途に供しうること、土地に定着していることが求められる。そのため建築中の建物は、屋根や壁が作られた段階で、動産である建築資材から不動産である建物へと法的な扱いが変わる。但し、自動車等で牽引する移動式の建物(キャンピングトレーラーの類)は、不動産ではなく動産に含まれる。この扱いについてはトレーラーハウスも参照。
ふすまや障子、畳並びに未登記の立木などは動産であり、建物とは別個の財産である。しかし、これらの動産は不動産に付属する従物として、建物とは別に扱うとする特約がない限り、建物所有権の移転、建物に対する抵当権の設定などの効果を受ける。
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』